1. Hardness: Tourmaline is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear in various types of jewelry.

2. Color: Tourmaline is known for its wide range of colors, including pink, green, blue, yellow, orange, brown, and black. Some tourmalines even exhibit multiple colors in a single crystal, known as "watermelon" tourmaline.

3. Clarity: Tourmaline can vary in clarity, with some specimens exhibiting high transparency and others containing inclusions or veils. Clean, eye-clean stones are typically more valuable.

4. Cut: Tourmaline is commonly faceted to showcase its color and brilliance, but it can also be cut into cabochons or carved into beads. Popular cuts include oval, round, cushion, and emerald-cut.

5. Varieties: Tourmaline occurs in several varieties, including:

   • Rubellite: Red to pink tourmaline.

   • Indicolite: Blue tourmaline.

   • Verdelite: Green tourmaline.

   • Paraíba: Rare, vividly colored tourmaline from Brazil.

   • Schorl: Black tourmaline.

6. Origin: Tourmaline is found in many locations worldwide, including Brazil, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and the United States. Certain origins may produce specific colors or varieties prized by collectors.

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